مجلة الإقتصاد الجديد
Volume 17, Numéro 2, Pages 125-138
2026-07-01
Chinese Smartphone Exports And International Marketing Strategies: A Panel Econometric Analysis With Geopolitical And Innovation Drivers, 2012–2024
Authors : Maaoui Abdeladhim . Khelfi Rafik . Chriet Oualid .
Abstract
This paper examines China’s four leading smartphone makers – Huawei, Xiaomi, OPPO and vivo – to understand how their export performance and international marketing strategies evolved between 2012 and 2024, focusing on the role of R&D intensity and geopolitical pressure; using an unbalanced firm‑year panel (N=68) that also includes Samsung and Apple as benchmarks, the study applies two‑way fixed effects, System GMM and 2SLS, together with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors, panel unit‑root tests, and a difference‑in‑differences design around the 2019 Huawei sanctions. R&D intensity proves the strongest positive driver of export value (elasticity 0.354–0.381), whereas Chinese latecomers show a significantly higher R&D‑export elasticity than Samsung and Apple – thereby supporting the springboard internationalisation hypothesis – while the geopolitical trade‑tension index carries the largest negative coefficient, and the DiD estimate indicates sanctions cut export value by 31.2%; consequently, sustaining R&D at 15–25% of revenues and deepening emerging‑market penetration (notably in Africa and Southeast Asia) emerge as key strategic imperatives.
Keywords
R&D intensity, geopolitical risk, springboard internationalization, smartphone exports, China, emerging markets.
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