ALTRALANG Journal
Volume 8, Numéro 1, Pages 466-477
2026-06-05
المُكَوِّنُ التَّدَاوُلِيُّ فِي بِنَاءِ النَّظَرِيَّةِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ الْقَدِيمَةِ: قِرَاءَةٌ فِي ضَوْءِ المَقَامِ التَّخَاطُبِيِّ عِنْدَ سِيبَوَيْه
الكاتب : سالم محمَّد يزيد . عابي عبد السلام .
الملخص
المُلَخَّصُ: إِنَّ الْمُتَأَمِّلَ فِي المَنْظُومَةِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ القَدِيمَةِ التِي تَعَاقَبَ عَلَى بِنَائِهَا نُحَاتُنَا الْقَدَامَى- وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِمْ سِيبَوَيْه( ت180هــ)- لَيَلْمَسُ عِنَايَةَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْنُّحَاةِ بِالْمُكَوِّنِ التَّدَاوُلِيِّ عَنَايَةً فَائِقَةً؛ تَقْتَضِي مِنَّا- بَدَاهَةً- الاِعْتِرَافَ، وَتُوْجِبُ عَلَينَا الإِشَادَةَ وَالتَّقْدِيرَ. مَعَ لِحَاظِ أَنَّنَا إِنَّمَا نَسْتَعْمِلُ مُصْطَلَحَ الْمُكَوِّنَ التَّدَاوُلِيَّ مُرَادًا بِهِ دَلَالَةَ الْمُصْطَلَحِ مُسْتَعْمَلًا ضِمْنَ السِّيَاقِ التَّارِيخِيِّ وَالثَّقَافِيِّ الذِي نَشَأَ فِيهِ عِلْمُ النَّحْوِ الْعَرَبِيِّ، وَرُبَّمَا وُجِدَتْ مُصْطَلَحَاتٌ أُخْرَى تُغْنِي عَنْهُ، لَكنَّنَا نَسْتَعْمِلُهُ عَمَلًا بِمَبْدَإِ:" لَا مُشَاحَةَ فِي الاِصْطِلَاحِ". مَعَ اِطِّرَاحِ الإِسْقَاطِ الْمُبَاشِرِ لِمَا أَفْرَزَهُ النَّظَرُ الْلِّسَانِيُّ الْحَدِيثُ؛ إِذْ لَا يَخْفَى أَنَّ لِكُلِّ مُنْجَزٍ دَوَاعِيَ نَشْأَةٍ وَمَوْضُوعَ اِشْتِغَالٍ وَغَايَاتٌ تَخْتَلِفُ فِي كُلِّ عِلْمٍ وَمُنْجَزٍ. وَمَعْلُومٌ أَنَّ الْنَّظَرِيَّةَ الْنَّحْوِيَّةَ الْعَرَبِيَّةَ الْقَدِيْمَةَ لَمْ تَتَنَاوَلْ البِنْيَةَ اللُّغَوِيَّةَ بِمَعْزِلٍ عَنْ أَحْوَالِ التَّخَاطُبِ الْمُخْتَلِفَةِ، بَلْ إِنَّهَا قَدْ اهْتَمَّتْ بَمَسَائِلَ مُرْتَبِطَةٍ بِتَوْجِيهِ الْدَّلَالَاتِ الْتَّوَاصُلِيَّةِ مِنْ قَبِيلِ الْمُتَكَلِّمِ وَالْمُخَاطَبِ وَالْمَقَامِ التَّخَاطُبِيِّ وَمَا يَسْتَلْزِمُهُ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ المَوْقِفِ. وَقَدْ كَانَتْ عِنَايَةُ نُحَاتِنَا القُدَامَى- وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِمْ سِيبَوَيْه- بِعَنَاصِرِ الْمَقَامِ التَّخَاطُبِيِّ بَيِّنَةُ القَسَمَاتِ، وَيَظْهَرُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خِلَالِ الْمَبَاحِثِ التِي أَوْرَدَهَا سِيبَوَيْه فِي كِتَابِهِ؛ وَالْتِي تُدَلِّلُ عَلَى وَعْيِهِ الْكَبِيرِ وَالدَّقِيقِ بِأَهَمِيَّتِهِ الْبَالِغَةِ فِي إِنْشَاءِ صَرْحِ الْقَوَاعِدِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ. فِي إِطَارِ الطَّرْحِ أَعْلَاه؛ سَنَسْتَفْرِغُ الوُسْعَ، وَنَلْتَمِسُ كُلَّ مُلْتَمَسٍ فِي بَحْثِنَا هَذَا؛ بُغْيَةَ الْوُقُوفِ عَلَى المُكَوِّنِ التَّدَاوُلِيِّ في النَّظَرِيَّةِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ الْقَدِيمَةِ؛ وَذَلِكَ مِنْ خِلَالِ تَقْلِيبِ الْنَّظَرِ فِي الْمَبَادِئِ الْمَقَامِيَّةِ التِي أَرسَى دَعَائِمَهَا سِيبَوَيْه فِي كِتَابِهِ المَوْسُومِ(قُرْآنُ النَّحْوِ)، وَمَا يَدُورُ فِي فَلَكِهَا مِنْ مَسَائِلَ أُخْرَى. ABSTRACT: Anyone who contemplates the ancient Arabic grammatical system that was built by our ancient sculptors - led by Sibawayh (d. 180 AH) - will touch the meaning of These grammarians pay great attention to the trading component; It requires - obviously - recognition from us, and requires us to praise and appreciate it. Note that we only use the term “tradable component” to denote the term used within the historical and cultural context in which it arose. I am not familiar with Arabic grammar, and perhaps there are other terms that replace it, but we use it according to the principle: “There is no confusion in terminology.” With the subtraction of the direct projection of what Modern linguistic theory has revealed it; It is no secret that every achievement has reasons for its emergence, a subject of work, and goals that differ in every science and achievement. It is known that the ancient Arabic grammatical theory did not deal with the linguistic structure in isolation from the known situations of communication, but rather it It was concerned with issues related to directing communicative connotations, such as the speaker, the addressee, and the conversational position, and what all of this entails. As the situation. Our ancient sculptors - led by Sibawayh - paid great attention to the elements of the conversational maqam with clear features, and this is evident through the sections that Sibawayh mentioned it in his book. Which demonstrates his great and precise awareness of its extreme importance in creating a structure of grammatical rules. Within the framework of the above proposal; We will make every effort, and seek every petitioner in this research; In order to understand the pragmatic component in ancient Arabic grammatical theory; This is done by carefully examining the sacred principles that Sibawayh laid down in his book titled (The Qur’an on Grammar), and what revolves around them. Other issues.
الكلمات المفتاحية
الكَلِمَاتُ المِفْتَاحِيَّةُ: المُكَوِّنُ الْتَّدَاوُلِيُّ؛ النَّظَرِيَّةُ؛ النَّحوُ؛ المَقَامُ التَّخَاطُبِيُّ؛ المُنْجَزُ. ; KEY WORDS: For the trading component; the theory; Grammar Conversational position; Achieved.
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