عصور
Volume 25, Numéro 1, Pages 127-146
2026-06-11
المكتبات الجزائرية عبر التاريخ
الكاتب : يطو علي .
الملخص
المُلَخَّصُ بِاللُّغَةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ: يَتَنَاوَلُ هَذَا الْمَقَالُ تاريخ الْمَكْتَبَاتِ فِي الْجَزَائِرِ، مُبْرِزًا أَهَمِّيَّتَهَا لَا بِوَصْفِهَا مُجَرَّدَ أَمَاكِنَ لِحِفْظِ الْكُتُبِ، بَلْ بِاعْتِبَارِهَا مُؤَسَّسَاتٍ ثَقَافِيَّةً فَاعِلَةً تَرْبِطُ بَيْنَ الْمَاضِي وَالْحَاضِرِ، وَتُسْهِمُ فِي تَشْكِيلِ هُوِيَّةِ الْأُمَّةِ وَتَرْسِيخِ وَعْيِهَا الْحَضَارِيِّ. وَقَدْ أَوْلَى الْعُلَمَاءُ الْجَزَائِرِيُّونَ عِنَايَةً كَبِيرَةً بِالْمَكْتَبَاتِ، فَظَهَرَتْ مَكْتَبَاتٌ عَائِلِيَّةٌ عَرِيقَةٌ مِثْلُ «مَكْتَبَةِ شَيْخِ الإِسْلَامِ بِقَسَنْطِينَةَ»، وَأُخْرَى خَاصَّةٌ مِثْلُ «مَكْتَبَةِ الِاسْتِقَامَةِ»، إِلَى جَانِبِ الْمَكْتَبَاتِ الْمُؤَسَّسِيَّةِ كَالْمَكْتَبَاتِ الْمَسْجِدِيَّةِ وَالْوَطَنِيَّةِ الَّتِي أَدَّتْ أَدْوَارًا تَعْلِيمِيَّةً وَعِلْمِيَّةً بَارِزَةً. كَمَا يَسْتَعْرِضُ الْمَقَالُ تَارِيخَ نَشْأَةِ هَذِهِ الْمَكْتَبَاتِ وَتَطَوُّرَهَا، وَيُحَلِّلُ أَسْبَابَ تَرَاجُعِهَا وَانْدِثَارِ بَعْضِهَا، وَمِنْ ذَلِكَ الِاسْتِعْمَارُ الْفَرَنْسِيُّ، وَالْإِهْمَالُ الدَّاخِلِيُّ، وَالِاسْتِيلَاءُ الْمَنْهَجِيُّ عَلَى التُّرَاثِ الْجَزَائِرِيِّ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمُسْتَشْرِقِينَ. إِضَافَةً إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فُقِدَتْ بَعْضُ الْمَجْمُوعَاتِ بِسَبَبِ الْإِعَارَةِ أَوْ نَتِيجَةِ أَسْفَارِ الْعُلَمَاءِ، حَيْثُ بَقِيَتْ بَعْضُ مُؤَلَّفَاتِهِمْ خَارِجَ الْوَطَنِ وَلَمْ تُسْتَرْجَعْ. وَيُؤَكِّدُ الْبَحْثُ فِي خِتَامِهِ عَلَى الْقِيمَةِ الْعِلْمِيَّةِ الْكَبِيرَةِ لِلْمَخْطُوطَاتِ غَيْرِ الْمُحَقَّقَةِ، وَيَدْعُو إِلَى ضَرُورَةِ تَحْقِيقِهَا وَنَشْرِهَا وِفْقَ مَنَاهِجَ عِلْمِيَّةٍ دَقِيقَةٍ، حِفَاظًا عَلَى التُّرَاثِ الْجَزَائِرِيِّ وَإِسْهَامًا فِي تَنْـمِيَةِ الْبَحْثِ الْعِلْمِيِّ الْمُعَاصِرِ. الكلمات المفتاحية: المَكْتَبَاتُ، تَارِيخُ الْجَزَائِرِ، حِفْظُ التُّرَاثِ، الْمَخْطُوطَاتُ، هِجْرَةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ. Abstract : This article examines libraries in Algeria's cultural history, highlighting their importance as not just places where we collect books, but rather as a cultural centers that connect the past to the present and shape the identity of nations. Hence, Algerian scholars were interested in libraries. For example, there were family libraries such as the "Cheikh El-Islam Family in Constantine", and others are private, such as the “El Istiquama” Library, and there are also institutional libraries called mosque or national libraries. In addition to the above, we also talked about the history of its formation, the reasons for its demise, from French colonialism, internal neglect, and the systematic theft of Algerian heritage by Orientalists. And some of them were lost due to being loaned by the scholar to his students, or due to the scholar’s travels and the writing of some of his books during his scientific travels. These books subsequently remained abroad and have never been returned. We have also highlighted the value of manuscripts still in libraries that have yet to be authenticated, and the need to authenticate and publish them in order to preserve Algerian Keywords: Libraries, History of Algeria, Preservation of Heritage, Manuscripts, Migration of Scholars
الكلمات المفتاحية
المَكْتَبَاتُ، تَارِيخُ الْجَزَائِرِ، حِفْظُ التُّرَاثِ، الْمَخْطُوطَاتُ، هِجْرَةُ الْعُلَمَاءِ.
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