Revue de Recherches et Etudes Scientifiques
Volume 20, Numéro 1, Pages 638-657
2026-01-26
Psychological Foundations Of Learning - An Integrative View Between Behavioral Theory And Cognitive Theory
Authors : Djaballah Youcef .
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the psychological foundations on which the learning process is based, trying to combine two main theories in educational sciences: behavioral theory and cognitive theory. Relying on one theory does not give us a comprehensive explanation of learning. Combining the two theories allows for the construction of a more comprehensive model. We seek to discuss each theory's view of how learning occurs. Behaviorism views learning as behavior acquired by the learner as a result of the interaction between external stimuli and responses. It can be shaped by training, reinforcement, and punishment. This theory emphasizes the principle of direct observation of behavior and focuses on some practical procedures performed by some scientists, such as classical conditioning (Pavlov) and procedural conditioning (Skinner).From the cognitive perspective, learning is an internal mental process based on processing information, building mental perceptions, and solving problems. This theory pays great attention to how information is received, stored, and retrieved, emphasizing the role of higher brain functions such as attention, concentration, and memory. The article recommends that educators adopt educational strategies that combine the principles of behavioral theory and cognitive theory to ultimately ensure learner motivation and effective learning. Because this integration produces a more balanced educational approach, the learner is regarded as a being who lives in a specific environment influenced by external stimuli, while simultaneously acting as an active participant in constructing their own knowledge, thereby enhancing the use of their mental abilities and potential.
Keywords
Learning, Learning Theories, Behavioral Theory, Cognitive Theory
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