لغة كلام
Volume 12, Numéro 1, Pages 428-436
2026-01-31

Why Large Language Models Struggle With Sarcasm: A Reflection On Pragmatic Competence, Cultural Nuances, And Ai Limitations



Authors : Chami Wahid Hamza Mohamed .

Abstract

This reflective article explores the limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in understanding and generating sarcasm, a nuanced form of verbal irony that relies on context, tone, and cultural knowledge. By doing so, the article defines sarcasm and its communicative role, analyses the challenges large language models face in understanding it, examines its cultural variability, and proposes strategies to enhance models’ pragmatic and contextual competence. Through a combination of theoretical analysis, real-world examples, and case studies, this article underscores the gap between human and machine understanding of sarcasm and offers recommendations for improving LLMs' pragmatic competence.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence ; ChatGPT ; LLMs ; Pragmatic Competence ; Sarcasm

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