مجلة دفاتر اقتصادية
Volume 16, Numéro 2, Pages 193-212
2025-11-25

Dynamics Of Foreign Trade In Middle-income Economies: An Analysis Of The Impact Of Economic, Technological, And Institutional Transformations – An Econometric Study During The Period 1997-2023



Authors : Zouggaret Nadia . Hamioud Ammar .

Abstract

This study seeks to ascertain the influence of economic, technological, and institutional factors on foreign trade in a sample of 16 middle-income countries from 1997 to 2023, utilizing panel data with EViews 10 and R. Cointegration tests and a vector error correction model (VECM) were utilized, revealing a negative and statistically significant long-run coefficient; however, it was disregarded due to diagnostic complications. Consequently, the PMG and subsequently the PMG-Robust models were utilized to ascertain the reliability of the results. The findings revealed that GDP per capita was the sole statistically significant variable, demonstrating a negative long-term impact and a positive influence of its movingaverage on trade. On the other hand, the internet, mobile phones, corruption, and foreign direct investment had no noticeable effect. It led to the importance of institutional and domestic economic policies for encouraging international trade.

Keywords

Foreign trade ; Economic growth ; Foreign Direct Investment ; Internet Lines ; Corruption

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