Journal of social protection research
Volume 6, Numéro 1, Pages 21-39
2025-06-30
Evaluation Of Social Security Policies In Europe: Contributions, Eligible Age And Coverage Of Beneficiaries
Authors : Benhamida Hichem .
Abstract
This research paper evaluates social security policies in Europe, with a focus on contributions, eligible age, and coverage of beneficiaries. The main objectives are to assess how these policy components influence the adequacy, sustainability, and inclusivity of European social security systems. Employing a comparative cross-national research design, the study draws on quantitative data from Eurostat, OECD, the European Commission, and national social security administrations, complemented by qualitative analysis of policy documents and recent reforms. Key findings indicate that while social protection expenditure constitutes a significant share of GDP across the European Union, there is considerable variation in benefit adequacy, eligibility criteria, and coverage among member states. The ongoing increase in statutory retirement ages and efforts to harmonize eligibility reflect responses to demographic aging and fiscal pressures. However, disparities in coverage and benefit levels persist, particularly for non-standard workers and across different welfare regimes. The study underscores the need for balanced reforms that promote both sustainability and inclusivity and highlights the importance of further research into the impact of digitalization and evolving labor markets on social security systems.
Keywords
social security ; Europe ; pension systems ; eligibility age ; social protection ; coverage ; contributions ; policy evaluation
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