مجلة البحوث القانونية و الاقتصادية
Volume 9, Numéro 2, Pages 106-122
2026-05-16
Free Zones And Sustainable Development: A Reading Of The Successes And Failures Of International Experiences
Authors : Djokhdem Moussa .
Abstract
YouDonationFree zones are among the most prominent tools adopted by governments to promote trade, attract foreign direct investment, and stimulate economic growth. However, the academic and practical debate about the role of these zones in achieving sustainable development remains shrouded in controversy, with some viewing them as an engine of development and others viewing them as a mechanism for deepening economic, social, and environmental imbalances. This study aims to analyze international experiences of free zones in light of sustainable development criteria, through a comparative study of successful and faltering models in Asia, Latin America, Africa, and Europe.. The results show that the success of some experiences, such as Singapore, the UAE, and China, is due to linking free zones to long-term national strategies that address economic diversification, smart infrastructure development, and adherence to environmental and social standards. Conversely, other experiences reveal failures resulting from an overreliance on tax incentives and cheap labor without real technology transfer or enhanced integration with the local economy, as is the case in some Latin American and African countries..
Keywords
Free zones, sustainable development, international experiences, foreign direct investment, economic governance.
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