دراسات وأبحاث
Volume 18, Numéro 1, Pages 471-484
2026-01-15
Time & Chronometry In The Works Of Ibn Al-zarqālī Of Toledo In Al-andalus During The 5th/11th Century
Authors : Fehis Hocine . Mazari Toufik Abdessamed .
Abstract
Al-Andalus witnessed a remarkable scientific renaissance, particularly during the 5th century AH / 11th century CE, following the establishment of an astronomical school by Maslama al-Majrīṭī, who had revitalized the study of astronomy in al-Andalus a century earlier. Among the most prominent figures to emerge from this intellectual revival was Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn al-Zarqālī, also known as Arzachel in the West—a pioneer in applied astronomy and the construction of astronomical instruments, most notably the universal astrolabe (al-ṣafīḥa al-Zarqāliyya). His work also included the production of astronomical tables and calendars that became known in Europe as the Toledan Tables. Ibn al-Zarqālī made groundbreaking contributions to the Andalusian astronomical renaissance. These included the measurement of the width of the Mediterranean Sea, precise calculation of the solar apogee, and laying the foundations of elliptical planetary orbits—concepts later developed by Copernicus and Kepler. His achievements earned him enduring recognition: Alfonso X of Castile ordered the translation of his works, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a lunar crater "Arzachel" (diameter: 96 km), and Spain issued a commemorative postage stamp bearing his image.
Keywords
Al-Andalus ; Ibn al-Zarqālī ; Astrolabe ; Astronomical tables ; Time & Chronometry
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