REVUE ALGERIENNE D’ALLERGOLOGIE
Volume 10, Numéro 2, Pages 66-76
2026-01-05
Clinicobiological And Immunological Characteristics Of Monoclonal Gammopathies Associated With Autoimmune Diseases: A Retrospective Single-center Analysis Of 162 Cases.
Authors : Belala Melissa . Merah Fatma . Djidjik Reda .
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies are common in elderly individuals, but their association with autoimmune diseases (AID) remains poorly characterized. This study aims to describe the clinical, immunological, and prognostic features of patients with monoclonal gammopathy associated with an AID, and to compare them with the general population of gammopathies followed in our department. This is a single-center retrospective study including 162 patients with both monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS or multiple myeloma – MM) and an AID, between 2015 and 2025. Data were compared with 5,020 cases of gammopathies recorded during the same period in our department. Demographic characteristics, types of AID, isotypes, monoclonal component (MC) concentration, and prognostic scores (Mayo Clinic, ISS-R) were analyzed. MGUS accounted for 73.45% of cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.75 years, lower than that of isolated gammopathies (63–65 years). A marked female predominance (69.75%) was observed. The most frequent AIDs were rheumatoid arthritis (30.86%), Sjögren’s syndrome (11.11%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (7.4%). The predominant isotype was IgG Kappa (37.65%), with a moderate mean MC concentration (4.12 g/L). Prognostic scores classified most MGUS cases as low risk of progression. Transient or fluctuating monoclonal spikes were more frequent than in isolated gammopathies. Monoclonal gammopathies associated with AID show a distinct epidemiological and immunological profile, with earlier diagnosis, female predominance, and overall moderate MC levels. Although prognostic data are reassuring, the autoimmune context requires long-term follow-up, due to a potentially modulated but still poorly defined risk of progression.
Keywords
Monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS, multiple myeloma) ; Autoimmune diseases (AID) ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Sjögren’s syndrome ; Systemic lupus erythematosus ; Immunological profile ; Clinical features ; Prognostic scores (Mayo Clinic, ISS-R)
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