Advanced Research in Economics and Business Strategy Journal
Volume 7, Numéro 1, Pages 107-121
2026-06-30

Re-examining The Impact Of Human Capital On Employee Performance: Evidence From Odl-institution



Authors : Ayetigbo Olumide Abiodun . Onafadeji Adeniyi Odunayo . Moraka Nthabiseng Violet .

Abstract

This study investigates the role of human capital capabilities in the context of an Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institution (where teaching and support services are offered via digital platforms) on employee performance. Based on Human Capital Theory, human capital was defined using three proxies: digital pedagogy, virtual communication capability, and adaptive capability. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using Google Forms among teaching and non-teaching staff of the National Open University of Nigeria, and 201 valid responses were collected from a population of 5,008. The results of multiple regression analysis show that digital pedagogy (B = 0.142, p = 0.004), virtual communication capability (B = 0.566, p = 0.001), and adaptive capability (B = 0.168, p = 0.023) have significant positive effects on employee performance, with virtual communication capability having the strongest positive effect. The model accounted for a large proportion of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.579; F = 90.516, p < 0.01). This research has implications for ODL managers to focus on developing staff capabilities in digital pedagogy, enhance virtual communication practices and tools, and establish continuous adaptation processes. Theoretically, the findings support the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory that capability-rich employees are strategic performance assets in turbulent digital environments. This research contributes to ODL knowledge by decomposing human capital into ODL-specific capability sets and exploring their relationships with employee performance in a technology-driven distance learning environment.

Keywords

Human Capital ; Digital Pedagogy ; Virtual Communication Capability Adaptive Capacity ; Employee Performance ; ODL Institution

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