مجلة الدراسات الأكاديمية
Volume 8, Numéro 2, Pages 25-48
2026-07-30

Analysis Of Structural Types Of Nominal Group In Langston Hughes Poem: The Freedom Train



Authors : Ibrahim Umar .

Abstract

This is an analysis of the structural composition of nominal groups in Hughes' poem. Through the lens of systemic functional grammar, the study classifies nominal groups across ten selected stanzas into three structural types: MH, H, and MHQ, with occasional HQ constructions. This reveals how Hughes’ deliberate syntactic choices strengthens the poem’s central themes of racial inequality, segregation, and the elusive promise of freedom. The analysis reveals that the nominal group “the Freedom Train” is the predominantly used MH type. It functions as a powerful symbolic anchor. its consistent modification emphasizes the tension between idealized liberty and the reality of Jim Crow America. variations in nominal group structures shows Hughes’ mastery of grammatical form as a tool for social critique. The Findings indicate that Hughes frequently employs qualifiers to expand nominal groups. This helps in constructing meanings and emphasizing contextual constraints on freedom, and that the use of nominal groups in The poem is not merely a formal feature but a meaningful vehicle for expressing protest, aspiration, and collective yearning. The study contributes to scholarship on Hughes’ poetics by illustrating how grammatical patterning and lexical selection work together to form a powerful discourse on civil rights and human dignity.

Keywords

Poem ; Nominal Group ; Discourse analysis ; Hughes

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