Journal of Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Volume 5, Numéro 1, Pages 29-38
2026-06-30
An Overview Of Bioactive Biomolecule Encapsulation : Techniques, Material Characterization, And Activity Optimization
Authors : Srief Manel .
Abstract
The encapsulation of bioactive biomolecules is an important strategy designed to enhance the protection, stability, and functional performance of sensitive compounds while maintaining their biological activity. This review discusses a range of encapsulation techniques such as coacervation, solvent-based methods, gelation, polymerization processes, spray drying, fluidized bed coating, and extrusion, which are widely used to produce micro- and nanoscale delivery systems. These technologies enable multiple functions, including safeguarding active compounds from environmental degradation, improving their handling properties, and allowing controlled or targeted release. However, their large-scale application is still constrained by economic factors, limited availability of standardized materials, and technological challenges in industrial processing. Recent developments in advanced materials—such as nanostructured carriers, modified natural polymers, hybrid matrices, and stimuli-responsive systems—have shown improved efficiency in encapsulation and release control. Ongoing research is increasingly focused on improving process efficiency, ensuring safety, and developing scalable systems, including multi-component encapsulation strategies. These advances are expected to expand the potential use of encapsulated biomolecules in food systems, biomedical applications, and pharmaceutical formulations.
Keywords
Encapsulation ; Bioactive biomolecules ; drug delivery systems ; enhanced efficacy
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