المجلة العلمية للحوار الاقتصادي
Volume 4, Numéro 2, Pages 43-53
2026-01-17
Artificial Intelligence: Concept, Origin, And Evolution
Authors : Aissat Meriem .
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field that combines computer science, mathematics, logic, and cognitive science to create systems capable of intelligent behavior. Its evolution can be traced through distinct historical phases, including classical AI with symbolic reasoning, expert systems, machine learning and data-driven AI, and modern AI with deep learning. AI today has diverse applications across sectors such as healthcare, finance, robotics, autonomous vehicles, natural language processing, and computer vision. Despite its rapid growth, AI faces challenges including limited general intelligence, technical constraints, ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, and impacts on employment. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving data collection, quality, and management to ensure reliable performance, developing strategies to minimize algorithmic bias and promote fairness and transparency, establishing ethical guidelines and legal frameworks, providing education and training to prepare the workforce for AI-driven changes, promoting research to overcome technical limitations and achieve more context-aware AI, and encouraging organizations to adopt AI responsibly, balancing innovation with social and ethical considerations.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning ; Expert Systems ; Ethics ; , Data Management ; Technological Evolution
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