مجلة الباحث الإقتصادي
Volume 13, Numéro 2, Pages 73-89
2025-12-30
The Impact Of Energy Consumption On Gdp And Co₂ Emissions: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Opec Countries (2000-2023)
Authors : Slimani Salim .
Abstract
The current paper examines the complex interrelationships between energy use, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions in OPEC member states in the period between 2000 and 2023. The use of Generalized Linear Models in conjunction with panel econometric techniques, i.e., unit root tests, cointegration analysis, and Granger causality tests allows the researcher to gain a better understanding of how different energy sources affect the GDP evolution and environmental performance. Empirical evidence suggests a one-way causal relationship between energy consumption and growth in the OPEC region with significant variations in the elasticity estimates of individual states. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in total energy production will increase GDP by about 0.84 percent, but the role of natural gas seems to be growing with time. The disaggregated analyses revealed a high degree of heterogeneity, with Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Kuwait registering relatively high energy efficiency, and Iraq and Libya having the highest energy-GDP co-dependence. Taken together, these findings provide useful recommendations to policymakers in petroleum-exporting economies on how to balance economic growth and environmental sustainability.
Keywords
OPEC ; energy consumption ; economic growth ; energy-GDP ; CO₂ emissions ; panel causality ; sustainable development
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