مجلة اقتصاديات شمال افريقيا
Volume 21, Numéro 3, Pages 19-28
2025-11-11
Systematic Review: The Role Of Leadership In Implementing Council Strategic Plans In Tanzanian Local Government Authorities
Authors : Pandisha Haghai .
Abstract
Abstract Strategic plan implementation failures persist in 42% of Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs), despite decentralization reforms. This systematic review (PRISMA 2020) analyzes 28 studies (2010-2024) to evaluate leadership's role in bridging this gap. Findings reveal transformational leadership (vision-setting, staff empowerment) drives 70-85% target achievement in high-performing councils (e.g., Dodoma, Arusha), while laissez-faire approaches correlate with 20-35% success. Stakeholder engagement (quarterly community forums) and adaptive resource mobilization (PPPs, crisis-redirected funds) emerge as critical practices, boosting outcomes by 72% and 68% respectively. However, contextual barriers significantly constrain effectiveness: political interference (30% patronage appointments) and rural capacity gaps reduce impact, while female leaders (15% of directors) achieve 25% higher education/health targets despite sociocultural resistance. The review concludes that leadership is the linchpin of implementation success, but systemic reforms are essential. Key recommendations include: (1) depoliticizing director appointments through independent panels, (2) establishing national leadership academies for transformational skills training, and (3) implementing gender quotas (30%) with mentorship programs. These evidence-based interventions can align Tanzania’s decentralization goals with on-ground development outcomes.
Keywords
Keywords: Strategic planning, Local government, Leadership, Implementation, Tanzania, Decentralization
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