قرطاس الدراسات الحضارية و الفكرية
Volume 8, Numéro 2, Pages 108-115
2016-07-30

موريتانيا من التدخل الأوربي إلى الهيمنة الفرنسية Mauritania From European Intervention To French Hegemony

الكاتب : نور الدين صابر .

الملخص

شهدت موريتانيا كباقي الأقطار المغاربية حملات استكشافية أوربية, تسترت تحت غطاء المعاملات التجارية مع القبائل المحلية, و قد ازداد التنافس الأوربي للسيطرة عليها ,لتتمكن فرنسا من الإنفراد بالهيمنة على المنطقة من خلال إقامة المعاملات التجارية و المعاهدات مع زعماء القبائل الموريتانية, لتتحول هذه الهيمنة إلى فرض الحماية الفرنسية على موريتانيا , و تدين فرنسا بهذا الإنجاز لمهندس الاستعمار الفرنسي لموريتانيا "كزافيي كبولاني" الذي سنتطرق إلى الدور الذي قام به في هذا المجال في الفرصة القادمة بإذن الله. Mauritania has been subjected to a European expansionist movement since the 14th century, following the political disintegration of the Islamic Maghreb in the second half of the thirteenth century. It was subjected to exploratory missions organized by the European powers: Spain, Portugal, Britain and France, in addition to the participation of the Netherlands and Belgium. Since the age of geographical discoveries at the end of the fifteenth century and subsequent periods. France, by virtue of its geographical location and religious status, is one of the most prominent colonial powers that ruled the course of the Maghreb in general and Mauritania in particular. France began to exist in the region since the 17th century, where its presence was only for commercial purposes. Mauritania has intensified competition among European countries on the gum arabic and as the situation worsened as a result of this competition France initiated agreements with the Mauritanian tribal princes in order to conduct the trade of gum free of charge in return for taxes and gifts paid annually to the princes of these tribes Thus, the commercial activity began to explore the region during the second half of the nineteenth century, which carried colonial intentions. The exploratory campaigns continued on Mauritania in order to obtain enough information to fulfill the colonial purpose. This was done by knowing the internal conditions of the Mauritanian tribes, and all this resulted in the many differences and unrest within Mauritania, especially in the last years of the nineteenth century, which hastened the annexation of Mauritania to the French colonies.

الكلمات المفتاحية

موريطانيا؛ كزافيي كابولاني؛ الاستعمار الفرنسي ؛ الكشوفات؛ التجارة. Mauritania; Xavier Coppolani; French colonialism; explorations; Trade.