Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures
Volume 12, Numéro 3, Pages 347-365
2025-09-30

Experimental Evaluation For Improving The Engineering Properties Of Concrete Using Partial Replacement Of Natural Waste



Authors : Dangi Vishnu Prasad . Sohani Sudesh Kumar . Patel Arun Kumar .

Abstract

With the global growth of building construction and infrastructure around the world, the global demand for concrete materials in the construction industry is increasing day by day. Natural waste can be considered an alternative substitute that can be partially mixed into concrete up to a certain limit while maintaining the strength and properties of the concrete for a long duration. In this research, crushed coconut shell as fine and coarse aggregate and coconut shell ash as cement are used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and cement in concrete. A mix design of M20-grade concrete was prepared as per BIS 1026 2019, and 150 × 150 × 150 mm³ sized cubes of concrete were designed. Concrete materials were replaced with a different form of coconut shells, as cement was replaced with coconut shell ash. In this research, the effects of replacing cement, fine aggregate (FA), and coarse aggregate (CA) were tested in concrete with alternative materials (CSA, CSFA, CSCA) at different levels (0–25%). Concrete strength was measured after 28 days, which represents reduced strength from 24.58 MPa (0%) to 12.80 MPa (25%) in replacing cement with CSA. Increased strength at 5% (28.58 MPa) but dropped to 8.29 MPa at 25% in replacing FA with CSFA. Reduced strength to 8.14 MPa at 25% in replacing CA with CSCA. Replacing all three together lowered strength to 7.25 MPa at 25%. So, only replacements of small proportion (CSFA at 5%) can improve strength, but higher percentages reduce concrete performance. After being prepared, the mould was kept for curing for 3, 7, 14, and 28 days, after which its compressive strength was tested. The result analysis shows that mixing up to 5-10% of crushed coconut shell (CCS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) in concrete does not affect the strength or durability. The limitation of using this natural waste is that it can be substituted up to a certain limit, and the strength graph decreases significantly beyond that limit.

Keywords

Fine Aggregate ; Coconut Shell Ash ; Coarse Aggregate ; Coconut Shell Fine Aggregate ; Compressive Strength ; Agricultural Waste ; Coconut Shell Coarse Aggregate

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