Batna Journal of Medical Sciences
Volume 13, Numéro 6, Pages 452-459
2026-07-01
Prognostic Impact Of Genetic Abnormalities In Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Study At The University Hospital Of Oran
Authors : Cherif Hosni Aicha . Kehal Samia . Meghrebi Sara . Lahmer Imene . Messaoudi Reda .
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant hematologic disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of myeloid precursor cells. Its prognosis depends on several clinical, biological, and cytogenetic factors. Objective To describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological, and cytogenetic characteristics of patients with AML and to analyze their prognostic impact. Materials and Methods This retrospective analytical study was conducted in the Hematology Department of the University Hospital of Oran between January 2020 and December 2025. Patients older than 15 years with confirmed AML who underwent complete, biological, and clinical investigations were included. Cytogenetic risk stratification based on ELN 2022 criteria (karyotype only). Data were collected from medical records and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 Results The study included 121 patients, with a median age of 49 years and a slight female predominance. The most frequent clinical manifestations were anemia, infectious syndrome, and hemorrhagic manifestations. Thrombocytopenia (<50,000/mm³) and hyperleukocytosis (>100,000/mm³) were observed in 65.8% and 12.6% of patients, respectively. Among the 62 patients with available cytogenetic data, ELN 2022 risk stratification based solely on karyotypic findings classified 35.4% as favorable risk, 54.6% as intermediate risk, and 10% as adverse risk. Overall survival at 24 months was estimated at 50% in the favorable group compared with 41% in the intermediate group, whereas no survival beyond 6 months was observed in the adverse-risk group. Conclusion Genetic abnormalities constitute a major prognostic factor in AML. Cytogenetic stratification according to ELN 2022 allows better prognostic assessment and optimization of therapeutic management.
Keywords
acute myeloid leukemia ; cytogenetic abnormalities ; ELN 2022 ; overall survival ; prognosis
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