Batna Journal of Medical Sciences
Volume 13, Numéro 1, Pages 82-88
2026-05-01

Multifocal Oral Kaposi Sarcoma As Inaugural Manifestation Of Hiv Infection: A Clinical Case Report



Authors : Taallah Abdelkerim . Mendjel Redouane .

Abstract

Background: Oral Kaposi sarcoma can constitute the first clinical manifestation of an undiagnosed HIV infection, representing a major diagnostic challenge in dental practice. The oral cavity involvement may precede cutaneous lesions and should prompt investigation for underlying immunosuppression. Case: A 32-year-old female patient with no known medical history and no identifiable traditional risk factors for HIV infection consulted for multifocal asymptomatic oral lesions that had developed progressively over 4 months. Clinical examination revealed multiple red-purple nodules on the gingiva and palate. Histopathological examination confirmed Kaposi sarcoma with positive HHV-8 immunostaining. Laboratory tests confirmed advanced HIV infection with CD4 count of 98/mm³. The absence of conventional risk factors in this patient makes this case particularly instructive and justifies its publication as an atypical presentation. Antiretroviral treatment combined with local chemotherapy achieved complete regression at 6-month follow-up. The patient remained asymptomatic with sustained virological suppression at 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the crucial importance of considering oral Kaposi sarcoma as a potential inaugural manifestation of HIV infection. Oral healthcare providers must maintain high clinical suspicion when encountering characteristic violaceous oral lesions, regardless of patient demographics. Early recognition combined with multidisciplinary management achieves excellent outcomes.

Keywords

Antiretroviral therapy ; Diagnostic challenge ; HIV infection ; Immunosuppression ; Oral Kaposi sarcoma

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