Batna Journal of Medical Sciences
Volume 12, Numéro 1, Pages 72-78
2026-04-01
Early-onset Peripheral Sensorimotor Neuropathy Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report
Authors : Remilaoui Ayoub . Chiba Hadjar . Mechid-hadjarab Farida . Dahou-makhloufi Chafia .
Abstract
Abstract Background: Peripheral neuropathy is an uncommon but potentially disabling manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), particularly when it occurs early in the disease course. Its clinical and electrophysiological heterogeneity often makes diagnosis challenging. Case presentation: We report the case of a 21-year-old man presenting with inflammatory arthralgia followed by progressive sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy predominantly affecting the lower limbs. Electroneuromyography revealed a diffuse sensorimotor polyneuropathy with severe axonal involvement and demyelinating features. Immunological investigations showed high-titer antinuclear antibodies, positive anti–double-stranded DNA and anti-nucleosome antibodies, with normal complement levels. A structured diagnostic work-up excluded alternative metabolic, infectious, toxic, and drug-related etiologies. The diagnosis of active SLE was established according to the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressive therapy led to progressive clinical and electrophysiological improvement. Conclusion: This case highlights that peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy may represent an early manifestation of SLE. Early recognition and individualized immunosuppressive management are essential to improve neurological outcomes and limit long-term disability.
Keywords
systemic lupus erythematosus ; peripheral neuropathy ; neuropsychiatric lupus ; sensorimotor neuropathy ; immunosuppressive therapy
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