REVUE ALGERIENNE D’ALLERGOLOGIE
Volume 11, Numéro 1, Pages 53-63
2026-03-05
Evaluation Of Prognostic Factors In An Algerian Population With Multiple Myeloma: A Series Of 359 Cases
Authors : Boudjella Mohamed Lotfi . Chadi Youcef . Bouteflika Djihane . Ghezlane Cherifa . Benhalima-bouali Malika . Lahfaya Souhila . Abdi Samia . Bradai Mohamed . Meghlaoui Ali .
Abstract
Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant intramedullary plasma cell proliferation characterized by the secretion of a complete monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) or a component of the Ig molecule. At present, it remains an incurable disease with a guarded prognosis. The objective of this study is to evaluate, within a prognostic framework, the factors involved in the pathophysiology of MM. Patients and Methods. We conducted a multicenter, descriptive and analytical, cross-sectional retro-prospective study based on the medical records of patients followed in the Immunology Unit of the Blida University Hospital Center. A total of 359 patients were included from an initial cohort of 5,717 patients recruited over a period extending from 2012 to 2024. The study population comprised 194 men (54%) and 165 women (46%). Patients were referred from regional hematology departments, as well as rheumatology and nephrology units, met the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) diagnostic criteria, and had undergone regular follow-up at our center. All 359 patients underwent both serum and urine investigations, including serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation using the Hydrasys automated system (HYDRAGEL B1–B2 kit), in order to detect and quantify the monoclonal component (MC) and to identify Bence Jones proteins (BJP). Quantitative measurements of proteins (immunoglobulins, free kappa and lambda light chains [FLCκ and FLCλ], β2-microglobulin, C-reactive protein [CRP], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) were performed using Binding Site reagents on the SPA plus® immunoturbidimeter. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a SYSMEX® automated hematology analyzer. Results. Our results demonstrated a reduction in median survival among patients presenting with increased levels of the studied parameters (serum calcium, CRP, LDH, β2-microglobulin, and involved free light chains), as well as decreased levels of other parameters such as hemoglobin and albumin. The study confirmed the prognostic value of the International Staging System (ISS), as median survival decreased with advancing ISS stage. Conclusion. This study aims to identify, on the one hand, the most effective prognostic factors and, on the other hand, the simplest parameters capable of accurately defining a patient’s prognostic stage, thereby enabling a personalized approach. Such an approach may pave the way for more effective targeted therapies and an overall improvement in prognosis.
Keywords
Multiple myeloma ; prognostic factors ; free light chain assay ; ISS
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