Algerian Review of Ottoman and Mediterranean Studies
Volume 5, Numéro 1, Pages 25-49
2025-06-30
The Relationships Between The Ottomans And The Sufi Orders In Algeria During The Ottoman Period (1516-1830)
Authors : Benafri Chakib .
Abstract
The Ottomans, since their arrival by sea in the early 16th century, instituted special relationships with the local Sufi leaders. This alliance continued especially during the founding phase of the Eyalet of Cezayir Garp (1516-1671), when they got closer to the Sufi sheikhs, assigned endowments to them, and granted them numerous privileges. The main aim of this research is to analyze the manifestations of this alliance between the authority and Algerian religious leaders. We will seek to identify the Sufi orders that supported and backed Turkish authority, tracing their influence on local society and the way they helped to enforce and expand Ottoman Turkish power in the inland and rural areas. We will also attempt to put clear the evolution of the relationship between the authority and Sufi orders during the so-called stability phase (1671-1830), as well as to analyze the causes and consequences of the emergence of certain local revolts led by Sufi orders, such as the Derqâwiyya and Tidjâniyya Orders, and how they even posed a threat to the extant political system. Furthermore, we will look up for understanding the means and methods used by the authority to both counter and eliminate hostile Sufi orders and their effects on the political and social situation in Algeria during the Ottoman period.
Keywords
Ottomans; Eyalet of Cezayir Garp (Algiers); Sufi orders; zawiya's endowments; Sufi uprisings; society and sheikhs of zawiyas
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