عصور
Volume 24, Numéro 2, Pages 349-368
2025-12-18
The Transition Phase From The Bronze Age To The Eras Of Ancient Arab Kingdoms In Arabian Peninsula: “visions And Questions”
Authors : Tueaiman Ali .
Abstract
The Arabian Peninsula stands as one of the most significant sites of human settlement since ancient times. It has undergone transitions from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. However, the transition from the Bronze Age to the era of ancient Arab kingdoms remains a crucial gap in the civilization of the Arabian Peninsula. While several researchers have addressed this period, the last decade of the 21st century has seen a surge in field research in the northern and northwestern Arabian Peninsula. These locations are significant due to their geographical proximity to the civilizations of the Levant, Egypt, and Mesopotamia. These studies have been preceded by similar research in the southern and eastern Arabian Peninsula, which has shed light on the cultural landscape during the transition from the Bronze Age to the era of ancient Arab kingdoms in the north and the south. This study aims to identify the economic factors that led to the development of the Arabian Peninsula's inhabitants and their transition from the agricultural village stage, which prevailed from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age to the full emergence of cities by the end of the Late Bronze Age. The stages of this transition varied among different locations within the Arabian Peninsula, but they centered around agricultural oases that developed on the edges of ancient lakes, which contributed to the rise of Arabian cities. Some of these cities had already emerged before the period of writing, which researchers often use as a benchmark for the beginning of the Arabian kingdoms.
Keywords
Keywords: Third Millennium BCE, Ancient Arabian Kingdoms, Oasis Urbanism ,Early Arab Cities
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