المجلة الدولية للاداء الاقتصادي
Volume 8, Numéro 1, Pages 349-362
2025-06-30

Typologies Of Trade Openness In Africa: A Principal Component And Cluster-based Analysis



Authors : Sadi Nour El Houda . Benziane Dalila .

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of trade openness in African economies through a multidimensional analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The findings reveal that trade openness is positively associated with institutional quality, human capital, and regional trade agreements, while high tariffs remain a key constraint. Based on PCA results, African countries are classified into distinct clusters: liberal economies with diversified trade profiles, transitional economies with partial reforms, and protectionist states dependent on commodity exports. The results underscore that trade liberalization alone is insufficient; its benefits depend on complementary institutional and policy frameworks. The study offers new insights into how typological divergence in trade structures informs regional integration and policy design across the continent.

Keywords

Trade openness ; Principal Component Analysis, ; Institutional quality ; Tariff policy, ; African economies

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