مجلة أبحاث ودراسات التنمية - Revue Recherches et Etudes en Développement -
Volume 13, Numéro 1, Pages 349-365
2026-06-30

Smart Ml Integration For Sustainable Food Security: A Driscoll-kraay Approach



Authors : Kaleem Sobia . Khursheed Nazia . Jamal Qasim .

Abstract

This study empirically examines the impact of smart ML integration on sustainable food production in six South Asian countries from 2000 to 2022 using Driscoll-Kraay fixed-effects regression. The main findings reveal that mobile cellular subscriptions (ln_ICT), representing smart ML integration, exert a positive and statistically significant impact on sustainable food production, confirming that digital connectivity serves as a critical enabler for smallholder productivity through real-time data access, weather forecasts, market information, and agricultural extension services. Water stress index (ln_WSI) exhibits a positive and significant effect, indicating adaptive efficiency whereby resource-constrained regions adopt innovative water management technologies rather than functioning purely as a production constraint. Agricultural employment (ln_EG) shows a negative but insignificant coefficient, aligning with structural transformation literature documenting labor shifts from agriculture to industry and services. Among control variables, agricultural productivity index (ln_API) yields a negative insignificant coefficient, clean energy (ln_CE) exhibits a positive insignificant effect, and agriculture value added (ln_AF) demonstrates a positive insignificant coefficient, suggesting these channels require longer time horizons or enabling institutional frameworks to materialize in the South Asian context. The model explains approximately 72 percent of within-country variation in food production outcomes. Policy recommendations include expanding rural mobile broadband infrastructure, scaling water-efficient technologies, and strengthening regional cooperation on transboundary water management.

Keywords

Smart ML integration ; sustainable food production ; water stress ; South Asia

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