مجلة رؤى اقتصادية
Volume 15, Numéro 2, Pages 155-189
2025-12-31
The Algerian Startup At The Test Of Definition: Imported Theory, Legal Framework, And Its Position In Algeria’s 60-year Business Evolution
Authors : Aoudia Nassira .
Abstract
The enterprise has taken three major forms in Algeria: the state-owned enterprise (1962), the SME (2001) and the start-up (2022). The latter instituted the "one diploma-one start-up" mechanism, with the objective of fostering business creation by final-year students, thereby establishing a hyphen—both literally and metaphorically—between the academic world and the business sphere. The aim of this article is to trace the shift from national enterprises to SMEs and examines the emergence of start-ups, clarifying the defining criteria of each. The method consists of a systematic and problematized literature review of 205 articles on startups published in the Algerian Scientific Journal platform (ASJP). It reveals the fragmented nature of the startup concept. On the one hand, the Algerian legal definition appears more as a strategic analytical tool than as a fully developed theoretical concept. On the other hand, the local academic literature struggles to construct a convincing analytical framework, oscillating between uncritical adoption of external models and empirical gaps. In addition, the Algerian entrepreneurial picture seems to operate according to the “matryoshkas” thesis. Thus, the conceptual evolution of enterprises in Algeria is less a linear succession than an overlap of micro-models within broader macro-development frameworks.
Keywords
Startup ; SME ; State-Owned Enterprise ; Gazelle ; entrepreneurship
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