Hippocampus
Volume 1, Numéro 5, Pages 01-12
2026-02-04

Assessment Of Coastal Water Quality In Bouismail Bay: Contribution To Pollution Reduction Through Sorption On Local Natural Materials



Authors : Belhouchet Nassima .

Abstract

The Bay of Bou-Ismail is subject to various forms of anthropogenic pressure, including untreated domestic and industrial discharges, macro-waste accumulation, agricultural pollution, and the impacts of fishing, aquaculture, and maritime transport. The bay is also affected by coastal erosion and atmospheric pollutants. In this context, assessing the chemical and ecological status of the marine environment influenced by these factors is essential. This study has two main objectives: (i) (i) to assess the quality of the coastal waters in Bou-Ismail Bay and (ii) to conduct sorption tests on Magenta Red (MR), a dye present in effluents from the paper and packaging industry located in Bou-Ismail. In addition to the physicochemical analysis, a noticeable decrease in water transparency was observed, attributed to the presence of dyes and inks in industrial discharges and mixed waters. This visible alteration serves as an initial indicator of the degradation of marine water quality. The results of the physicochemical characterization showed that both industrial effluents and seawater contain high concentrations of organic and mineral matter, particularly ammonium (NH₄⁺) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) ions. Mean concentrations of NH₄⁺ were (1.25 ± 1.11) mg/L in the discharges and (0.72 ± 1.08) mg/L in the mixed waters, while PO₄³⁻ concentrations reached (2.00 ± 1.59) mg/L in the discharges and (1.14 ± 1.55) mg/L in the mixed waters. Salinity values were (2.05 ± 1.04) for the discharges and (28.95 ± 9.30) for the mixed waters, reflecting a strong contrast between continental inputs and marine waters. The MR dye was subsequently subjected to physicochemical sorption treatment using three different adsorbent materials: a geomaterial (GEOM), a calcite-rich attapulgite clay (CAL), and granulated activated carbon (GAC). This selection aimed to evaluate the adsorption capacities of these three materials toward MR. The experimental results showed removal efficiencies of 72% for GAC, 98% for CAL, and 99% for GEOM, with respective contact times of 4, 5, and 6 hours.

Keywords

Industrial pollution ; marine ecosystem ; Magenta Red ; sorption

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